April 9. 1940 - a sad day for Norway

Norwegian WWII History
Volume 1
1999

 

Dear friends.

In my next Historical Newsletter I will tell you what the Norwegian general Staff said after WWII regarding the attack and defence of Norway. But today we will concentrate on the real attack.

Norway was until 1850 a homogeneous country with few if any problems. After 1850 the Jews moved in and started to remodel Norway. By the 1920s we had become a nation ruled by them and we had lost our national will to the international Jews. A few men and women saw this, but the media with their Jewish advertisers refused to tell the common men/women the danger the country was in. The Jews of Norway with their connections to international Jewry forced Norway into the war.


Many years after WWII Foreign Minister Koht, Minister in the government that governed Norway from 1936 to Summer of 1945, of these years the government were in exile in England from June 7, 1940 to June 7, 1945, said that he himself was more afraid of harassment by the British than by Germany before WWII. Further it is interesting to know that Koht saw the war coming as soon as March 15, 1939. It is deplorable that he did not share his vision with the rest of the political Norway or at least with the Government he was a part of. Had he done so, the country could have prepared it's defence. It we had been prepared and willing to defend our neutrality the Germans probably not would have attacked Norway.

You will find a complete list of the members in the Government of January 1940 in HNL: A short summary of Norway's pre-WW2 history


APRIL 9, 1940 - A DAY OF DISASTER FOR NORWAY

Today I will give you the story of the invasion of Norway in 1940, and tell you what happened in some of the Norwegian cities and towns. You have all heard about the German plans for invading Norway - Weserübung. Let us now look at what the British and French were doing.

The British and the French did not declare war on the Soviet Union in 1939. Why? Because the Jews would not allow it. The Jews did not want a war with the USSR as that might jeopardize the Jews in the USSR. Even if Stalin had married a Jewess and even if he was part Jew himself he had started to clean out some of the Jews in his midst. A war between the Soviet Union and Jewish ruled Britain and France might jeopardize the Jews standing in the Soviet hierarchy and in the country. To avoid any problems for the Jews in the USSR war was declared only on Germany after the invasion of Poland.

As war became a fact, Germany was hoping for a quick defeat of Poland and a negotiated peace with France and Britain. If this was not possible Germany hoped all neutral countries would stay neutral. Germany needed a lot of raw materials which she hoped to import from the neutral countries. One of the raw materials Germany needed was iron ore, this she could get from Sweden - by railway in the summer and through Norway during the winter. The Swedish iron ore was located in the north at Kiruna. The iron ore was shipped out of Narvik a small town in the north of Norway.

In order to harm the German war industry and to move the danger of attacks away from France, the Foreign Minister of France, Reynaud, started discussions with Winston Churchill early in October 1939, on how to drag Norway into the war.

As war broke out between Finland and the Soviet Union both France and Britain saw an opportunity to get into Norway and destroy its neutrality, and thereby enlarge the area of war. By this enlargement they wanted German troops spread over a wide area, and they hoped they could create an opposition against Germany in the world media. When giving Finland help in her war with the Soviet Union, the French and British would land troops at Narvik and march through Sweden into Finland. On their way they planned to blow up the iron mines at Kiruna and the railway line between Kiruna and Narvik. They constantly begged the Finns to ask them for help, but the Finns refused. Before the British/French could persuade the Finns that they needed help the Finns capitulated to the Soviet Union. Now they needed a new strategy to invade Norway. Britain had broken Norwegian neutrality on February 16,1940 when British warships sank a German merchantman in Jøssingfjorden. See The Altmark Affaire.

On April 2, 1940 Sir Edmund Ironside presented a note to the Imperial General Staff saying the British should lay mines at four places along the Norwegian west coast. "These are steps in the right direction", Churchill said. Ever since September 19, 1939 he had wanted to mine the Norwegian coastline. For a long time 3,000 British troops and officers had been stationed at Rosyth north of Edinburg. These troops were intended for the invasion of Norway. The name of the planned action was R4:

- landing at Stavanger with the airfield Sola, at Bergen and Trondheim, Operation Stratford.

- landing at Narvik with possible attack towards Sweden, Operation Avonmouth.

The first British naval forces left for Norway on April 4 and 5. On April 7 and 8 troops for the landing were taken aboard the warship "Firth of Forth". These troops were not meant for war but as guards. The British had for a long time had a spy in Stavanger. Brigadier Malcolm Munthe lived at a hotel in Stavanger and had a radio to hand. Brigadier Munthe reported everything regarding happenings in Stavanger. Brigadier Munthe also had contact with the British Embassy in Oslo and the Consulate in Stavanger.

On April 8th British warships mined Oslofjorden, but the British troops that were suppose to occupy Stavanger and Bergen did not arrive before the Germans got there. The British invasion of Norway was planned as follows: "April 5 a battalion boards the ship "Batory" at Glasgow. This ship should arrive at Narvik on April 10 with two cruisers and three destroyers as escort. General Mackesy is chief of the Narvik expedition. Mackesy is on board the ship "Aurora" during the trip to Narvik together with 200 commando soldiers. Two battalions should be transported to Stavanger aboard two cruisers. Two other cruisers should attack Bergen on April 7, in the night. April 8 the coast from Stad, some 250 km north of Bergen, to the border with Sweden should be mined.

 

The British invasion of Norway

As the Amorality (Admiralty) in London got word that German warships had been observed none believed these ships were heading for Narvik. A large part of the Home Fleet, battleships "Rodney," "Impulse" and "Valiant" and two cruisers were ordered to leave Scapa Flow in the Orkney Islands. The ships sailed north, as did the Germans.

The weather was bad and even the most hardened British sailors looked with scepticism on the 15 - 20 metre high waves - a gale force wind was blowing. The British put all their naval forces into preventing the Germans from reaching home waters. The cruiser "Aurora" and six destroyers from the Clyde were immediately sent to Scapa Flow and out into The North sea. These ship were to be used during the attack on Stavanger and had troops onboard. Now the troops had to debark but their equipment was left onboard. The same happened to two cruisers and 15 destroyers at Rosyth north of Edinburgh - these ships were also meant for action on the Norwegian coast. The troops meant for Bergen were onboard, they had to debark, but their equipment was also left onboard.

Ever since the war Norwegian historians have tried to keep the British plans for invading Norway secret from Norwegians. By doing so they meant to help the Jews by claiming the Germans were the only bad guys, and Germany alone was to blame for Norway's disaster. In Norwegian schools the teachers even today tell the lie of Germany's sole responsibility. If a pupil tries to tell the truth he is looked upon as a Nazi.

This is how far the Jews have steered Norway and Norwegian teachers.

8. APRIL

Prelude to the tragic day.

The Norwegian Foreign Minister Koht said after WWII that he was most afraid of a British attack on Norway. But we shall also notice that Koht already on March 15,1939 saw the great war coming. The sad thing is that he did not make any preparation to defend the country he was Foreign Minister of, nor did he warn the Norwegian Storting or his colleagues in the Norwegian government. Had he done that in March 1939 there would have been no need for the Germans to invade Norway.

In "Norwegian political Parties on scene before WW2" you will find a list of those men who constituted the Norwegian Government as WWII started. After WWII the government was strongly criticized by historians for their inability to to govern the ably in the hazardous times which came upon the country in 1939 and 1940. When the country and people needed them the government was paralysed and could not make rational decisions. They did nothing to defend neutrality - they were not prepared to defend neutrality. Examples of the government's negligent course with neutrality can best be described by a speech F.M Koht made in the Storting on April 6, 1940 - on this day Koht could not see any problems with foreign aircraft infringing on Norwegian air space, but he hoped these infringements would soon stop. This is especially rebukeable since we know that Koht on this day forgot to tell the Storting about two notes dated April 5 regarding German and British preparation for an attack on Norway. The Storting left their session without knowing how dangerous the situation was. Koht said later he did not want to frighten the members of the Storting. On April 5, 1940 the French embassador Dampierre and the British embassador Sir Cecil Dormer had visited with Koht. They accused Norway of no longer being a free country and of having given way to German pressure. They gave Koht a note that was both defamatory and unfriendly in tone. The note demanded that Norway stop all transportation of iron ore to Germany, and that Norway should give all assistance the French and British needed to fight the Germans. If Norway gave this help the French and the British would help Norway in case Germany attacked her. If Norway did not help France and Britain in this war they would use force to get what they wanted. The only thing Norway had of any importance in wartime was her merchant navy, but those ships had already been given to the Allies. The various Norwegian shipowners had during the autumn of 1939 joined a shipowners' association and said all their ships should sail for Britain during the war. Koht never told the Storting or the Foreign Committee of this note. He even kept the note secret from the government - except for Nygaardsvold the PM. In his book "For fred og fridom" (For peace and freedom) Koht explains why he kept this secret: "We made no special efforts in the governmental meeting that day. I saw no reason for mentioning the note from the Allies. The next day the weekend would start, why should I worry them. But I felt that a crisis stood on our doorsteps" The Foreign Minister was most afraid of British/French attacks, and he could not do anything to defend the country. He did nothing to prepare for mobilization nor did he give the general staff orders to be prepared. He did not expect any attacks on the weekend nor that an enemy would come during the night. 06.00 on April 8 Koht was woken up by the British Embassador telling him that Britain had mined the Norwegian coastline - this to hinder German ships from transporting iron ore along the Norwegian coast. Mines were placed in the following fjords:

- in Vestfjorden outside Narvik

- in Bud in Romsdalen (outside Molde)

- at Stad outside Ålesund Koht called Nygaardsvold after he got this message.

Now Koht and Nygaardsvold told Commanding General what had happened, but they did nothing to defend the neutrality. This even though they knew that British and French troops were on their way to Norway.

Later that day Koht called a meeting of the Foreign Committee of the Storting, where he among other things said:

"In the last few days a lot of information regarding German planning for an attack on Norway has reached me. They plan to set down in South Norway. This information has not been given officially and gives us no reason to be worried. But we can be sure that if Germany finds out what the British and French have done the Germans will turn on Danmark and Norway."

In his book "Norsk utenrikspolitikk fram til 9. April" (Norwegian foreign policy up til April 9) Koht says he could not have said anything so stupid on April 8. If Koht is quoted correctly in the minutes from the Foreign Committee of the Storting and these minutes have always been correct, Koht made a big mistake by not demanding mobilization on April 8.

In the same meeting C.J. Hambro, president of the Storting, informed the Storting that 104 German ships had been seen in Danish waters.

Further information reached the Foreign Office that one transport vessel with German soldiers had been wrecked outside Lillesand, some 300 km southeast of Oslo. About 1000 soldiers survived the wreck and they said they were on course for Bergen to protect Norway from a British/French invasion.

During April 8 the Defence Minister, Ljundberg, had a meeting with the Commanding Admiral. They discussed Norway's obligations according to the Hague convention and the mines Britain had placed in Norwegian waters. Ljundberg could not make any decisions on his own, he had to discuss this later in the day with the government.

The government sat in session until late in the evening, but according to reports from the meeting the government did not foresee a war breaking out in Norway. The government might have discussed mining parts of Oslofjorden, but they withdrew this after the British Embassador told them British ships were on their way.

One can not believe what is written in any of the reports from meetings late this day or next day. This is because the government might have rewritten these during their stay in Britain, and to suit their own book for postwar history.

At 22.30 on April 8 the government hears of action in the outer part of Oslofjorden. One should know that the government before the war did nothing to strengten the forts along the coast.

 

NIGHT OF APRIL 9, 1940
 

At 00.30 air-raid warning sounded over Oslo, the war had started. Due to all the reports the Prime Minister summoned the government to a meeting at the Foreign Office at 01.30. During this meeting the government decided to mobilize Norwegian troops - they should be notified by mail, and meet at their agreed mobilization points three days later. Koht said after the war that the mobilization was to be total, but this has never been proved. Some historians claims there never were orders issued to mobilize Norwegian troops.

At 04.15 the German Embassador Bräuer came to the Foreign Ministry to present a German ultimatum to the Norwegian Government. After the war this ultimatum was looked upon as a declaration of war, but this has never been proved. The ultimatum demanded that Germany received dominion over all Norwegian institutions. The reason for the German demands was that the Norwegian Government had not been willing to protect her neutrality during the British violation of Norwegian territory. Koht felt helpless during his conversation with Bräuer and said he had to discuss it with the Government before he could give an answer. The Government refused to accept the German ultimatum. "Then there will be a fight, and nothing can help you", said Bräuer war. Kohts answer was: "The fight has begun". We have no proof of this, and should not believe Koht showed such courage. But this is the official Norwegian history of the last conversation between Norwegian and German authorities before the war started.

Now the King was told what had happened. Then the Government decided to leave Oslo. C.J. Hambro and the representatives of Storting were informed, they all left Oslo together with the King for Hamar. Hamar is a city some 125 km. north of Oslo.

 

THE ATTACK

You need a map of Norway to fully understand what's coming now. The German attack went as follows:

- Narvik: 2,000 men and ten destroyers.

- Trondheim: 1,700 men, 1 cruiser and four destroyers.

- Bergen: 1,900 men, three cruisers, two torpedo-boats and five motor torpedo- boats.

- Kristiansand: 1,000 men, one cruiser, two torpedo-boats and seven motor- torpedo-boats.

- Egersund: 150 men and four minesweeper (located some 520 km south-east of Oslo and 76 km south of Stavanger).

- Arendal: 150 men and one torpedo-boat (located some 255 km south-east of Oslo).

- Oslo: 2,000 men, three cruisers, three torpedo-boats and eight minesweepers. In additional there were airplanes with 3,000 men.

In total Germany used 12,000 soldiers in their force to take Norway.

Only when a country is totally without defences or has a general staff that has not done it's homework can it be overrun with such a small force of soldiers. These are the cold hard facts for all who have studied Norwegian politics before WWII. This is why Britain did not plan to use many soldiers, and why Germany did not need more men. Norway's low interest in defending her neutrality was shown during the Altmark affair. Norway had ordered some weapons from the UK, the USA and Germany before September 1939, but none of these weapons had been delivered.

Horten (some 91 km south of Oslo)

Horten was main naval base of Norway. In Horten the armoured ship "Tordenskiold" was stationed, but she had no value for fighting - she was too old.

Horten was captured by two German minesweepers and two motor torpedo boats at 05.00 on April 9. "Tordeskiold" did fire some shots, one of the German ships was sunk. But the Germans did take the town.

Other towns and cities taken by the Germans on the first day were:

Haugesund, Stavanger, Bergen, Trondheim, Kristiansand, Narvik and Oslo.

There was no real defence at any of these towns or cities. The only obstacle the Germans met on their way to capture Norway was when the Blücher was torpedoed outside Oslo.


Heil og Sæl
Julius Streiker

 

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