This article is based upon information given by Dr Heinrich Wendig in booklet 1, in the series, "Richtstellungen zur Zeitgeschichte" (Corrections to History of our Time) published by Grabert Verlag, D-72066 Tübingen, Postfach 1629, Germany
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Every Germanic man and woman shall somewhere in their heart set off a zone for hate, a healthy and manly hate for everyone who is Jewish/Zionist/Israeli or who ever has thoughts equal to that of Jews/Zionists/Israeli. To not have a hate like this would mean a treachery towards the dead" - copied and "just slightly rewritten" from what holocaust rabbi Elie Wiesel says in his book "Legends of Our Times" from 1968.In order to understand the Munich Agreement some historical realities must be understood and named.
German tribes settled in Czechoslovakia many centuries ago and long before the Czechs came to Bohemia and Moravia. Egerland became part of Bohemia and Moravia during the Middle-ages (after 1315). It was part of Bavaria before it became part of Bohemia. The first German university was founded in Prag in 1348. The territories Bohemia and Moravia had belonged to The German Reich for over one thousand years, after 1806, they belonged to German Austria, the Habsburg monarchy- a part of The German Rwich, and then before 1918/19, the territories Bohemia and Moravia became Czechoslovakia.
From 1919, under the command of Saint-Germain the territories belonging to
the Sudeten-Germans(1), was part of Austria given to the newly established
Republic of Czechoslovakia. 3.5 Million Germans were outspoken against the
wishes(2) and with force(3) became citizens of a nation they did not want to
belong. To protect the Sudeten in Czechoslovakia an agreement of protection
for minorities(4) was signed by the political leadership in Czechoslovakia.
This agreement was not worth the paper it was written on since the Czech
politicians had no intent to follow it. Not only were Germans part of the
minorities in the new republic, Hungarians and Poles were akso minorities in
Czechoslovakia. Every minority was suppressed by the Czechs.
A contract
between the Czechs and Slovaks stating that Slovaks should have their own
parliament and keep their own language, signed on May 30, 1918 in Pittsburgh
USA by Slovak Jew Jon Masaryk who lived in exile, and representatives for the
Czechs, was neglected. Masaryk's father was son of Jewish father, Redlich. After Czechoslovakia was founded various political
parties were formed among the Sudeten. These parties were given seats in the
parliament in Prag: Social democrats, The German Christ Party, Union of
Farmers, The German National Party and the German National Social Labour Party
(DNSAP) (5).
The gymnastic instructor Konrad Henlein (1898 - 1945( found another way with his German gymnastic movement (Vökische Turnbewegung). He changed his political views in the fall of 1933 and on October 1, 1933 in Eger started the Sudeten-German Homefront (Sudetendeutsche Heimatfront"(6), which had to change name to Sudeten-German Party (Sudetendeutsche Partei) before the election to the parliament in May 1935. It became the strongest party in the nation. Henlein telegraphed president Masaryk that he was willing to cooperate as a citizen of the Czechoslovakia nation. Sadly the president did not find him worthy of an answer(7).
In time the German-Austrian union became hard even for the Sudeten-Germans. Henlein’s party grew, not only because of what happened in Germany but also because of the growing financial crises in Czechoslovakia, as the number of unemployed grew to 800,000 from which 500,000 were Sudeten. Henlein also kept contact with the French as well as the English politicians.(8)
During the year 1938 tension build up between Czechoslovakia and The Third Reich. The mobilization of the Czech military on May 20, 1938 made the crises between the two countries more intense. Especially in the year 1938 as the English was engaged in what happened in continental Europe. Hitler demanded an end to the Czech terror against Germans living inside Czechoslovakia. Also, the Slovaks, the Pols, the Hungarians and the Ruthenians demanded their rights as minorities within the Czech republic. The Czech-Slovenian republic was shaken in her fundament.
In February 1938 , Slovakia demanded freedom from Prag. On May 28, 1938 a committee of Slovaks from USA brought the Pittsburgh agreement to Prag, and in August 1938 the Slovak People’s Party threaten to take the Czechs to the International Tribune in Den Hague in Holland. Poland demanded Olsa (Polish land given to Czechoslovakia in 1918.
Lord Runciman, official delegate from England, visited Czechoslovakia in August and September 1938. He recommend that Czechoslovakia give Sudentenland to The Third Reich.(9). On September 15, 1938 the British Prime Minister Chamberlain met with Hitler in Munich to authorise the official surrender of Sudetenland to The Third Reich.
To day we have access to the "Necas-Documents" - which were kept top secret for a long time. The document has it’s name after the Czech Social minister, Jaromir Necas, who in September 1938 visited Paris on behalf of Benesch with a secret offer to Western countries.
Here are a few of the most important items in this document:
1 It must never be know that this plan comes from Czechoslovakia.
2 The plan must never be published and kept top secret
3 The plan must name the territories we will surrender. This must be kept secret that we have agreed with France and England to surrender land to The Third Reich. The two Western countries could be too indulgent towards Hitler and give away too much.
4 Last consequence, if no other way out exists the plan could be shown to Hitler. But then Hitler must be informed of all consequences
5 Hitler must understand that he gets responsibility for a territory containing thousands of square miles and at least 1.5 or 2 Million Germans."
The Necas document translated to German
Necas gave this secret plan to representatives from England and France on September 17, 1938 in Paris and London. Benesch pressed the Western countries regarding this plan on September 21, 1938 to agree to the plan.
On September 29, 1938 the only thing left for western countries to do was to regulate to exact surrender of territories. The Preamble in the Munich Agreement says "Germany, United Kingdom, France and Italy have agreed in the surrendering of the Sudeten-territory."
Benesch had also agreed with England about a plebiscite regarding the surrendering of territory. He was afraid of large scandal(10). Czechoslovakia surrender the territory freely.
As with many international agreement the Munich Agreement needed some diplomatic pressure to be accepted. Seen as in view of international law the Munich Agreement is a legal agreement. Even the revenge justice at Nurnberg 1945/46 did not find any illegality related to the agreement.
The Czechoslovakia republic was present during the revenge trail at Nurnberg - a fact of great importance.
N.
Chamberlain signing The Munich Agreement
But the Czechoslovakia did not recognise the document written by Benesch nor do they recognise what the revenge justice at Nurnberg said about the Munich Agreement. On October 29, 1988 the Czechoslovakian embassador to Germany gave an interview in Germany’s largest newspaper, Frankfurter Allgemeinen Zeitung" saying: "The Munich Agreement from September 29, 1938 Czechoslovakia was set under pressure by Nazi leadership who threaten to use force if the government in Czechoslovakian did not give up the territories the Nazi wanted. A warlike activity in Czechoslovakian would have meant material damages and would have been morally destruction to the people. The agreement was signed without Czechoslovakian being part and against her wishes..
Notes:
1 The word "Sudetendeutsche" was first used in 1902, by the Sudeten-German Politician Franz Jesse.
2 Sudetendeutscher Rat (Hrsg): "München 1938 - Dokumente sprechen". Universität Buchdruckerei, München 1964, auch: "Reinhard Poroerny: "Wir suchen die Freiheit". Verlag für Volkstum und Zeitgeschichtsforschung. Vlotho 1978
3 On March 5, 1910 many Sudet-Germans demonstrated for their right to rule their own land. During this demonstration the Czechoslovakian military shoot and wounded many hundred
4 Traité entre les Etats-Unis d’Amerique. L’Empire britannique, la France, L’Italie, et le Japan et la Tschécoslowakquie, unterzeichnet am 10 September 1919 in Germain-en-Laye
5 Am 15 November 1903 von Burschofsky, Knirsch und Ciller die "Deutsche Arbeiterpartei" gegründet, die am 15 Mai 1918 in "Deutsche Nationalsozialistische Arbeiterpartei (DNSAP)" umbenannt wurde. Vgl. Georg Franz-Willing: "Ursprung der Hitlerbewegung, 1919 - 1922", Verlag K. W. Schütz, Preuß, Oldendorf(2) 1974
6 Konrad Henlein born May 6, 1898 in Maffensdorf in Sudetenland. On May 10, 1945 before he was handed over to authorities in Czechoslovakia he committed suicide. According to R. Zascher "Konrad Henlein. Ein Lebensbild", Verlag Emil Elster, Kaufbeuren-Neugablonz 1983
7 Viktor Aschenbrenner: "Sudetenland. Ein Überblick über seine Geschichte". Verlag Neue Schule, Bad Reichenhall o. J. S 96
8 H.G.D. Laffen: "The Crisis over Czchoslowakia Jamuary to September 1938", 2 Bde, Oxford University Press, London 1951. Hermann Raschhofer: "Die Sudetenfrage" Isar Verlag, München 1953
9 "Times" (London) vom 7 September 1938
10 Edvard Benes: ""Détruisez l’Austriche-Hongrie" Libraire Delagrave, Paris 1918. Dieses Buch schrieb Benesch im französische Exil und forderte darin die Zerstörung des bewährten Vielvölkerstaates Österreich-Ungarn. Sein Vielvölkerstaat Tschecho-Slowakei erfuhr 1938/39 dann das gleiche Schicksal Ironie der Geschichte!
On my web-site you will find links to topics in the article from Encyclopaedia Britannica 2000 and Bertelsmann Universal Lexikon 2001
This is what two encyclopaedia writes about the topics in this article
Encyclopaedia Britannica 2000
Benesch/Benisch/Benesh
The Holly Roman Reich German Nations
-Bertelmann Universal Lexikon -
Heilige Römische Reich Deutsche Nationen
To overcome the outright lies and audacity - in Yiddish Chutzpah, the truth, in facts, must be spread, loud and clear ...
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